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Chris Larmour
Founder & CEO at Orbital Express
Professional Background
Chris Larmour is a seasoned C-level executive, known for his exceptional strategic vision and operational focus. Over the years, he has shown impressive ability in delivering sustainable growth in various business environments, ranging from early-stage companies to those in the maturing and turnaround phases. With a strong track record in business strategy, marketing, and revenue generation, Chris has consistently achieved strong ROI outcomes, making him a valuable asset in any executive role. Currently, he serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Orbital Express Launch, where he continues to drive innovation and growth.
Chris's career spans over a decade, during which he has held numerous pivotal roles in well-respected organizations. Notably, he has served as the Managing Partner at Larmour Consulting Gmbh, where he leveraged his extensive expertise to consult various businesses on strategic growth and operational efficiencies. His strong leadership skills were further highlighted during his tenure as the Chief Marketing Officer and Vice President of European Sales at Celcite, where he significantly contributed to enhancing the company's market presence and sales performance.
Prior to his impactful roles in these companies, Chris was the Chief Marketing Officer and Vice President of Global Sales at Swissqual AG. His dedication to exceeding sales targets and delivering exceptional marketing strategies not only propelled the company's growth but also cemented his reputation as a leader in the mobile communications sector. During his time at Actix, where he held dual roles as Chief Marketing Officer and Marketing Director, Chris played a crucial part in developing breakthrough marketing initiatives and driving significant business development projects. He began his illustrious career as the Director of Business Development at Radioplan, where he honed his skills in market analysis and business growth strategies.
Education and Achievements
Chris is well-equipped with a strong educational foundation, having earned his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Management from INSEAD, which is recognized as the world's top business school. This prestigious education has significantly influenced his approach to leading organizations and driving strategic decisions. His quest for knowledge did not stop there; he furthered his education at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business, where he focused on Marketing, Management, and Education. This blend of top-tier academic training has not only sharpened his business acumen but also expanded his network among leading professionals in the field.
Despite his already rich experience, Chris remains committed to continuous learning, evidenced by his recent studies at Stanford GSB. His dedication to growth and development sets a powerful example for emerging leaders in the business sector. His deep-rooted connections within the mobile communications sector demonstrate both his subject matter expertise and value in cultivating professional relationships that promote business objectives.
Notable Achievements
Throughout his distinguished career, Chris has garnered numerous achievements that underscore his leadership prowess and business acumen. Tasked with challenging roles, he has consistently exceeded expectations by delivering quantifiable results, thus reinforcing his reputation as a results-driven leader. By spearheading innovative strategies in marketing and sales, he has played an instrumental role in driving the success of various organizations during critical growth periods.
Moreover, Chris's initiatives have not only generated revenue growth but also fostered meaningful organizational changes that enhance operational efficiency. His extraordinary ability to adapt and guide teams through transformations in the business landscape is a testament to his executive acumen and visionary mindset.
In summary, Chris Larmour embodies the essence of a C-level executive with a wealth of experience, sharp insights into business strategy, and the ability to generate revenue across diverse environments. His educational background from top institutions such as INSEAD and Stanford GSB, paired with his experience in mobile communications and consulting, establishes him as a foremost authority in strategic business leadership. Chris continues to inspire others through his dedication to excellence and his unwavering commitment to delivering outstanding results.
Highlights
What does a space rocket cost?
In the diagram below I have attempted to capture a rough estimate of the percentage recurring costs of the subsystems that make up a launch vehicle. This is the cost of each recurring vehicle, rather than the non-recurring R&D costs to get to a 1st launch. This is a generic, common-sized breakdown, based on a 2-stage rocket.
This recurring cost is crucial for the business case. Many people think the initial R&D costs are important as well, but one of the secrets of the launch business, esp. for Newspace companies, is that the cost of the initial R&D is almost irrelevant. I'll leave it for the reader to think about why!
Focusing on these per-launch costs, it can be readily seen that half the cost goes into Propulsion systems.
Propulsion is the most complex mechanical system on board & that may be why it's also the system most likely to cause a mission failure (see one of my previous posts). It includes the main engine thrust chamber assemblies, turbo pump assemblies, ignition systems, as well as the fluid networks and valves required to feed the engines with fuels. This area also includes the cold gas thruster system used for attitude control in space, AKA the Reaction Control System (RCS).
The next highest costs comes from 3 areas: Mechanisms, Structures & Avionics, each accounting for around 15% of the total cost.
Structures include the outer skin of the vehicle, the payload fairing, interstages, & the main tanks that hold fuels, oxidizers & pressurants. This area also includes smaller, hidden elements such as a payload platform, avionics bay, engine support structures & numerous other small components.
Avionics include the main - typically redundant - flight computers, communications systems (internal as well as radios for telemetry, command and control), engine control units (ECUs) and various expensive sensors for guidance and navigation such as gyroscopes, inertial measurement units (IMUs), special GPS systems etc.
One interesting fact about GPS is that consumer units are speed & altitude restricted to <500m/s and <18km, under COCOM limits to avoid intercontinental missile technology proliferation. A space rocket traveling much faster & much higher will need a unit without such restrictions.
Mechanisms are used to make things happen, such as stage separation, fairing separation, thrust vector actuation, hold-down and release mechanisms, quick disconnects and so on.
The lowest cost on the vehicle is the Software, at least on a recurring basis, because the software, once built, only needs to be "missionized" for each mission. So while the cost of writing it might be high in the R&D phase, the cost of adding customized executable files to the onboard computers is ca. 5% of the mission cost.
On some vehicles there may be additional items such as recovery systems, a 3rd stage or capsules (as in the NASA Saturn V image below), or extra boosters, but I've left these out of this baseline calculation.
How do rockets fail?
With the scheduled launch of Ariane 6 just a couple of days away, I had a look at the causes of failure of a new launch vehicle.
A paper* published in May 2022 by Lucía Ayala Fernández, Carsten Weidemann, and Vitali Braun from variously the Institute of Space Systems at Technische Universität Braunschweig and the IMS Space Consultancy GmbH at European Space Agency - ESA / ESOC, studied 79 failures / partial failures between 2005-2020, and for the 57 where data was available, classified those failures based on which launch vehicle subsystem caused the failure.
In the chart below I've taken the data from that paper and broken it into a set of flows, showing which root causes have the largest percentage chance of causing a mission failure.
Failures, in total, were just under 6% of all launches, and first launch failures accounted for 26 of the 79 failures studied in this paper, almost exactly 33%.
But digging into one of the sources of data for the paper - from the indispensable Gunter's Space Page** - the situation is perhaps not quite so dramatic for first launches as it may seem.
First launch failures, while probably expected / anticipated, are not the norm: first version rocket launch attempts succeeded 80% of the time in that 2005-2020 period, which is a testament to the careful engineering of these extremely complex, immensely powerful and ridiculously delicate systems.
Perhaps not surprising if you understand the complexity and extreme performance environment of rocket engines is that propulsion, one way or another, is responsible for 54% of all failures - and liquid propulsion systems have been responsible for 97% of all propulsion failures. The pipes, valves, feed lines and pumping systems that feed fuel to the combustion chamber are particularly prone to failures, debris, bursts, leaks and blockages.
The next two largest causes of failure in this dataset are separation events, either from staging or fairing separation, and guidance, navigation and control (GNC) systems, accounting for 18% of failures each. When combined, these three sources - propulsion, GNC and separation - account for 90% of all failures. But it was a little surprising to see that fairing separation issues account for half the separation failures, equaling 9% of all failures.
From these basic statistics and some (fairly general) overview of the engineering subsystems, I would bet that Ariane 6 has a very good chance of being in the 80%. The main propulsion features a newer, lower-cost version of the Vulcain engine, which has powered Ariane 5 very reliably since 2005, and extended P120 solid boosters produced by AVIO.
In any case, I will watch the launch with great anticipation, and I offer my best wishes to friends and former colleagues / partners at ArianeGroup and ARIANESPACE for a successful first launch.
- https://lnkd.in/dDYaHti7 ** Krebs, Gunter D.; Chronology of Space Launches; https://lnkd.in/dQY54ZUW
