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Hazem Ibrahim

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Hazem Ibrahim is a Ph.D. student at New York University Abu Dhabi, specializing in Computer Science with a focus on Computational Social Science. He is involved in research that explores the intersection of social networks and computational methodologies, contributing to the field with several publications and citations.236

In addition to his academic pursuits, Ibrahim is associated with the Communication Networks Lab (ComNets) at NYU Abu Dhabi, which aims to bridge the digital divide by developing innovative systems to enhance internet access in regions with poor network infrastructure.1 His work reflects a commitment to leveraging technology for social improvement, particularly in developing areas.

Ibrahim has a significant presence on LinkedIn, where he connects with over 500 professionals, showcasing his academic and research experiences.45

Highlights

Feb 8 · linkedin

I'm excited to share our latest paper, 'Google Scholar is manipulatable' with Fengyuan (Michael) Liu and my supervisors, Talal Rahwan and Yasir Zaki.

Link: https://lnkd.in/d-EJhpHh

In this paper:

  1. We show that the majority of academics use Google Scholar to retrieve citation metrics in scientist evaluation for the purposes of hiring and promotions.

  2. We create a Google Scholar account for a fake author and demonstrate that, through posting rubbish/ChatGPT-generated papers to pre-print servers, you can create a seemingly reasonable-looking Google Scholar account (with, in our case, over 380 citations) with virtually no moderation at all by both Google Scholar and the pre-print servers.

  3. We identify many instances of citation manipulation behavior, in which authors purchase citations in bulk from a third-party service. Going undercover as this fake author, we indeed managed to purchase 50 citations to the fake papers created with ChatGPT. The four papers in which these citations were planted were not only published in consecutive articles within the same issue of a journal, but also all contained references to a handful of other authors as well (likely individuals making citation purchases in the same time frame).

By analyzing the reference lists of all of the papers published in this journal in 2023, we identify many more individuals that have likely purchased citations through these means as well.

  1. We introduce the citation-concentration (c^2) index as an inverse of the well-known h-index.

To clarify, an author has an h-index of N if N of their papers are cited N times each. On the other hand, an author has a c^2 index of N if there are N papers that cite this author at least N times each.

We show that, even for extremely successful authors with hundreds of thousands of citations in total, their c^2 index rarely exceeds 7 to 10, whereas for those engaging in citation manipulation, this can reach as high as 70(!!).

To clarify, this means that one author in our dataset received at least 70 citations to their work from EACH of 70 different papers (at least 4900 citations from 70 papers)!!!

This is an absolutely ridiculous and blatant case of cheating. Yet, this type of behavior can go largely unnoticed when casually browsing someone's Scholar page due to the lack of tools afforded by Google Scholar to understand where citations to a given paper are coming from.

This paper was a blast to work on, and I highly encourage you to check it out.

Aug 24 · linkedin

Check out our latest paper in PNAS Nexus on the YouTube recommendation algorithm and political bias. I'm very grateful to my PhD supervisors Yasir Zaki and Talal Rahwan for their support.

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Hazem Ibrahim
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Location

United Arab Emirates